LDS Doctrine and Covenants Critique

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The Doctrine and Covenants

SECTION 117

Revelation given through Joseph Smith the Prophet, at Far West, Missouri, July 8, 1838, concerning the immediate duties of William Marks, Newel K. Whitney, and Oliver Granger.

1–9, The Lord’s servants should not covet temporal things, for “what is property unto the Lord?”; 10–16, They are to forsake littleness of soul, and their sacrifices will be sacred unto the Lord.

1 Verily thus saith the Lord unto my servant William Marks, and also unto my servant Newel K. Whitney, let them settle up their business speedily and journey from the land of Kirtland, before I, the Lord, send again the snows upon the earth.2 Let them awake, and arise, and come forth, and not tarry, for I, the Lord, command it. 3 Therefore, if they tarry it shall not be well with them.
Note: Williams Marks never made it to Missouri and was excommunicated over polygamy.
Marks was appointed by revelation (D&C 117) to leave Ohio and move to Far West, Missouri, to preside over the body of Saints. However, before he arrived, the Mormons were expelled from the state under the "Extermination Order" signed into law by Lilburn W. Boggs. Although a close friend of Joseph Smith, Marks occasionally found himself at odds with the prophet. Smith presented evidence of why Sidney Rigdon should be rejected as first counselor in the First Presidency of the church during the October 1843 General Conference. He accused Rigdon, a long-time friend of Marks, as having lost his "integrity and steadfastness" and stated that he had no confidence in Rigdon's abilities as a leader in the church or as his counselor. Regardless of these accusations, Marks motioned that Rigdon remain in his station as a counselor in the First Presidency. Rigdon was sustained to the position by the membership of the church. After the vote, Smith stood and stated, "I have thrown him off my shoulders and you have again put him on me, you may carry him, but I will not." Because Rigdon was rejected by Smith, most of the core leadership of the church, including members of the Council of Fifty and Anointed Quorum, questioned Rigdon's standing and authority and, later, his claim to succeed Smith as head of the church. Rigdon and Marks were also known opponents of plural marriage. Those who supported this controversial practice instituted by Smith saw such dissent as disloyal.

4 Let them repent of all their sins, and of all their covetous desires, before me, saith the Lord; for what is property unto me? saith the Lord. 5 Let the properties of Kirtland be turned out for debts, saith the Lord. Let them go, saith the Lord, and whatsoever remaineth, let it remain in your hands, saith the Lord.
Note: Joseph Smith left Kirtland to escape debt collectors.
The construction of the Kirtland Temple in Kirtland, Ohio (completed in 1836) left the early church and Joseph Smith with an estimated debt of $30,000 to $40,000.

6 For have I not the fowls of heaven, and also the fish of the sea, and the beasts of the mountains? Have I not made the earth? Do I not hold the destinies of all the armies of the nations of the earth? 7 Therefore, will I not make solitary places to bud and to blossom, and to bring forth in abundance? saith the Lord. 8 Is there not room enough on the mountains of Adam-ondi-Ahman, and on the plains of Olaha Shinehah, or the land where Adam dwelt, that you should covet that which is but the drop, and neglect the more weighty matters? 9 Therefore, come up hither unto the land of my people, even Zion.
Note: Zion is Jerusalem not Missouri.
Now Solomon assembled the elders of Israel and all the heads of the tribes, the chief fathers of the children of Israel, to King Solomon in Jerusalem, that they might bring up the ark of the covenant of the LORD from the City of David, which is Zion. 1 Kings 8:1

10 Let my servant William Marks be faithful over a few things, and he shall be a ruler over many. Let him preside in the midst of my people in the city of Far West, and let him be blessed with the blessings of my people.
Note: William Marks did not become a ruler over many due to his opposition to polygamy.
According to William Clayton's diary, Emma Smith supported Marks as the successor to her husband. According to Smith, Marks had a right to church succession as the High Council President, which she asserted was equal in authority to the Quorum of the Twelve and the First Presidency. Furthermore, she felt that while apostles had authority in unorganized parts of the church, they did not have authority in the stake of Zion, Nauvoo. This reasoning was one of many interpretations put forward by various factions in the months after Smith's death. Historian D. Michael Quinn claims that, despite the foregoing, church succession in Nauvoo revolved around one central issue: plural marriage. Quinn maintains that Marks's known opposition to plural marriage was a crucial issue. He also argues that, although a small group of church leaders almost approved Marks as the next church president, by July 10, 1844, Willard Richards—one the Church's Twelve Apostles—delayed all action until Quorum President Brigham Young returned from the presidential campaign. Young and the majority of the Quorum of the Twelve, Quinn asserts, feared that Marks would end plural marriage and other ordinances that they saw as crucial to exaltation in the afterlife.

11 Let my servant Newel K. Whitney be ashamed of the Nicolaitane band and of all their secret abominations, and of all his littleness of soul before me, saith the Lord, and come up to the land of Adam-ondi-Ahman, and be a bishop unto my people, saith the Lord, not in name but in deed, saith the Lord.
Note: Newel Whitney became a ruler over many due to his promotion of polygamy.
In 1842, after being taught the doctrine of polygamy, Whitney and Elizabeth Ann agreed to let their daughter, Sarah Ann, become a plural wife of Joseph Smith.[7] Two years later, Whitney married Olive M. Bishop as a plural wife. In 1845 he married Emmeline B. Woodward Harris, Almira Elizabeth Pond, Abigail A. Pond, Elizabeth M. More, and Henrietta Keyes. He married Ann Houston in 1846. Emmeline had married a young man when she was 15, but he deserted her after the death of their son. Whitney married Emmeline when she was seventeen and had two children with her. Later Emmeline married Daniel H. Wells and became a president of the Relief Society. Whitney also was sealed to Isabel Modalena and Melvina C. Blanch. 

12 And again, I say unto you, I remember my servant Oliver Granger; behold, verily I say unto him that his name shall be had in sacred remembrance from generation to generation, forever and ever, saith the Lord. 13 Therefore, let him contend earnestly for the redemption of the First Presidency of my Church, saith the Lord; and when he falls he shall rise again, for his sacrifice shall be more sacred unto me than his increase, saith the Lord. 14 Therefore, let him come up hither speedily, unto the land of Zion; and in the due time he shall be made a merchant unto my name, saith the Lord, for the benefit of my people. 15 Therefore let no man despise my servant Oliver Granger but let the blessings of my people be on him forever and ever. 16 And again, verily I say unto you, let all my servants in the land of Kirtland remember the Lord their God, and mine house also, to keep and preserve it holy, and to overthrow the moneychangers in mine own due time, saith the Lord. Even so. Amen.
Note: Joseph Smith continually needed Oliver Granger to solve his financial problems.
One month after Oliver had arrived in Missouri, the Prophet Joseph received a revelation instructing him to return to Kirtland and represent the First Presidency in settling Church affairs and retiring past debts. The Prophet Joseph wrote, “As I was driven away from Kirtland without the privilege of settling my business, I . . . employed Colonel Oliver Granger as my agent, to close all my affairs in the east.” Without hesitation or question Oliver turned his wagon around and headed back to Kirtland to fulfill the assignment given him by a Prophet. His negotiations with angry creditors was not easy, yet one creditor wrote, “Oliver Granger’s management in the arrangement of the unfinished business of people that have moved to the Far West, in redeeming their pledges and thereby sustaining their integrity, has been truly praiseworthy, and has entitled him to my highest esteem, and ever grateful recollection.” He was recognized for his success in Kirtland and called to be a land agent for the Church in Iowa. A May 13, 1839, letter signed by the First Presidency explained the reason why Oliver was again selected to fulfill such an important task: “We have always found President Oliver Granger to be a man of the strictest integrity and moral virtue, and in fine, to be a man of God. . .. We have entrusted vast business concerns to him, which have been managed skillfully to the support of our characters and interest as well as that of the Church.” Acting in the name of the Church, Oliver purchased lands in Montrose, Iowa Territory before being asked to return again to Kirtland. In 1840 in Kirtland, while acting as the Prophet Joseph’s legal representative, Oliver negotiated to cancel outstanding debts, clear the Kirtland Temple of financial encumbrances, and oversee many Church affairs before his death in 1841 at age 47.
Note: Oliver Granger died for Joseph Smith.

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