Alma Chapter 58 Critique
Setting: Helaman, Gid, and
Teomner take the city of Manti by a stratagem—The Lamanites
withdraw—The sons of the people of Ammon are preserved as they stand
fast in defense of their liberty and faith. About 63–62 B.C.
Verses 1-8: And behold, now it
came to pass that our next object was to obtain the city of Manti; but
behold, there was no way that we could lead them out of the city by our
small bands. For behold, they remembered that which we had hitherto
done; therefore we could not decoy them away from their strongholds.
And they were so much more numerous than was our army that we durst not
go forth and attack them in their strongholds. Yea, and it became
expedient that we should employ our men to the maintaining those parts
of the land which we had regained of our possessions; therefore it
became expedient that we should wait, that we might receive more
strength from the land of Zarahemla and also a new supply of
provisions. And it came to pass that I thus did send an embassy to the
governor of our land, to acquaint him concerning the affairs of our
people. And it came to pass that we did wait to receive provisions and
strength from the land of Zarahemla. But behold, this did profit us but
little; for the Lamanites were also receiving great strength from day
to day, and also many provisions; and thus were our circumstances at
this period of time. And the Lamanites were sallying forth against us
from time to time, resolving by stratagem to destroy us; nevertheless
we could not come to battle with them, because of their retreats and
their strongholds. And it came to pass that we did wait in these
difficult circumstances for the space of many months, even until we
were about to perish for the want of food. But it came to pass that we
did receive food, which was guarded to us by an army of two thousand
men to our assistance; and this is all the assistance which we did
receive, to defend ourselves and our country from falling into the
hands of our enemies, yea, to contend with an enemy which was
innumerable.
Note: Massing armies in the Amazon jungle would be impossible.
A study in 1999 found one square kilometer (247 acres) of Amazon
rainforest can contain about 90,790 tonnes of living plants. The
average plant biomass is estimated at 356 ± 47 tonnes per hectare. To
date, an estimated 438,000 species of plants of economic and social
interest have been registered in the region with many more remaining to
be discovered or catalogued. The total number of tree species in the
region is estimated at 16,000. Wikipedia Encyclopedia.
Verses 9-11: And now the cause
of these our embarrassments, or the cause why they did not send more
strength unto us, we knew not; therefore we were grieved and also
filled with fear, lest by any means the judgments of God should come
upon our land, to our overthrow and utter destruction. Therefore we did
pour out our souls in prayer to God, that he would strengthen us and
deliver us out of the hands of our enemies, yea, and also give us
strength that we might retain our cities, and our lands, and our
possessions, for the support of our people. Yea, and it came to pass
that the Lord our God did visit us with assurances that he would
deliver us; yea, insomuch that he did speak peace to our souls, and did
grant unto us great faith, and did cause us that we should hope for our
deliverance in him.
Note: Sidney Rigdon did not know that Pre-Columbian Indians were polytheistic.
The terms Muisca religion and mythology refer to the pre-Columbian
beliefs of the Muisca indigenous people of the Cordillera Oriental
highlands of the Andes in the vicinity of Bogotá, Colombia. The
tradition includes a selection of received myths concerning the origin
and organization of the universe. Their belief system may be described
as a polytheistic religion containing a very strong element of
spirituality based on an epistemology of mysticism. Wikipedia
Encyclopedia.
Verses 12-28: And we did take
courage with our small force which we had received, and were fixed with
a determination to conquer our enemies, and to maintain our lands, and
our possessions, and our wives, and our children, and the cause of our
liberty. And thus we did go forth with all our might against the
Lamanites, who were in the city of Manti; and we did pitch our tents by
the wilderness side, which was near to the city. And it came to pass
that on the morrow, that when the Lamanites saw that we were in the
borders by the wilderness which was near the city, that they sent out
their spies round about us that they might discover the number and the
strength of our army. And it came to pass that when they saw that we
were not strong, according to our numbers, and fearing that we should
cut them off from their support except they should come out to battle
against us and kill us, and also supposing that they could easily
destroy us with their numerous hosts, therefore they began to make
preparations to come out against us to battle. And when we saw that
they were making preparations to come out against us, behold, I caused
that Gid, with a small number of men, should secrete himself in the
wilderness, and also that Teomner and a small number of men should
secrete themselves also in the wilderness. Now Gid and his men were on
the right and the others on the left; and when they had thus secreted
themselves, behold, I remained, with the remainder of my army, in that
same place where we had first pitched our tents against the time that
the Lamanites should come out to battle. And it came to pass that the
Lamanites did come out with their numerous army against us. And when
they had come and were about to fall upon us with the sword, I caused
that my men, those who were with me, should retreat into the
wilderness. And it came to pass that the Lamanites did follow after us
with great speed, for they were exceedingly desirous to overtake us
that they might slay us; therefore they did follow us into the
wilderness; and we did pass by in the midst of Gid and Teomner,
insomuch that they were not discovered by the Lamanites. And it came to
pass that when the Lamanites had passed by, or when the army had passed
by, Gid and Teomner did rise up from their secret places, and did cut
off the spies of the Lamanites that they should not return to the city.
And it came to pass that when they had cut them off, they ran to the
city and fell upon the guards who were left to guard the city, insomuch
that they did destroy them and did take possession of the city. Now
this was done because the Lamanites did suffer their whole army, save a
few guards only, to be led away into the wilderness. And it came to
pass that Gid and Teomner by this means had obtained possession of
their strongholds. And it came to pass that we took our course, after
having traveled much in the wilderness towards the land of Zarahemla.
And when the Lamanites saw that they were marching towards the land of
Zarahemla, they were exceedingly afraid, lest there was a plan laid to
lead them on to destruction; therefore they began to retreat into the
wilderness again, yea, even back by the same way which they had come.
And behold, it was night and they did pitch their tents, for the chief
captains of the Lamanites had supposed that the Nephites were weary
because of their march; and supposing that they had driven their whole
army therefore they took no thought concerning the city of Manti. Now
it came to pass that when it was night, I caused that my men should not
sleep, but that they should march forward by another way towards the
land of Manti. And because of this our march in the night-time, behold,
on the morrow we were beyond the Lamanites, insomuch that we did arrive
before them at the city of Manti. And thus it came to pass, that by
this stratagem we did take possession of the city of Manti without the
shedding of blood.
Note: Towns in the Amazon juggle were located on rivers.
Based on archaeological evidence from an excavation at Caverna da Pedra
Pintada, human inhabitants first settled in the Amazon region at least
11,200 years ago. Subsequent development led to late-prehistoric
settlements along the periphery of the forest by AD 1250, which induced
alterations in the forest cover. Wikipedia Encyclopedia.
Verses 29-33: And it came to
pass that when the armies of the Lamanites did arrive near the city,
and saw that we were prepared to meet them, they were astonished
exceedingly and struck with great fear, insomuch that they did flee
into the wilderness. Yea, and it came to pass that the armies of the
Lamanites did flee out of all this quarter of the land. But behold,
they have carried with them many women and children out of the land.
And those cities which had been taken by the Lamanites, all of them are
at this period of time in our possession; and our fathers and our women
and our children are returning to their homes, all save it be those who
have been taken prisoners and carried off by the Lamanites. But behold,
our armies are small to maintain so great a number of cities and so
great possessions. But behold, we trust in our God who has given us
victory over those lands, insomuch that we have obtained those cities
and those lands, which were our own.
Note: Numerous cities never existed on the Mato Grosso Plateau.
The historic remoteness of this area led it to be the subject of
exploration, most notably by Captain Percy Fawcett, in the quest for
lost cities. It was also the rumored location of access to the interior
of the earth in various Hollow Earth theories. Wikipedia Encyclopedia.
Verses 34-39: Now we do not
know the cause that the government does not grant us more strength;
neither do those men who came up unto us know why we have not received
greater strength. Behold, we do not know but what ye are unsuccessful,
and ye have drawn away the forces into that quarter of the land; if so,
we do not desire to murmur. And if it is not so, behold, we fear that
there is some faction in the government, that they do not send more men
to our assistance; for we know that they are more numerous than that
which they have sent. But, behold, it mattereth not—we trust God will
deliver us, notwithstanding the weakness of our armies, yea, and
deliver us out of the hands of our enemies. Behold, this is the twenty
and ninth year, in the latter end, and we are in the possession of our
lands; and the Lamanites have fled to the land of Nephi. And those sons
of the people of Ammon, of whom I have so highly spoken, are with me in
the city of Manti; and the Lord has supported them, yea, and kept them
from falling by the sword, insomuch that even one soul has not been
slain.
Note: Nephites and Lamanities were created by Solomon Spalding.
The indigenous population of Brazil comprised several large indigenous
ethnic groups (e.g. the Tupis, Guaranis, Gês and Arawaks). The Tupí
people were subdivided into the Tupiniquins and Tupinambás, and there
were also many subdivision of the other groups. Wikipedia Encyclopedia.
Verse 40: But behold, they have
received many wounds; nevertheless they stand fast in that liberty
wherewith God has made them free; and they are strict to remember the
Lord their God from day to day; yea, they do observe to keep his
statutes, and his judgments, and his commandments continually; and
their faith is strong in the prophecies concerning that which is to
come.
Note: Sidney Rigdon plagiarized the Holy Bible.
Stand fast therefore in the liberty by which Christ has made us free,
and do not be entangled again with a yoke of bondage. Galatians 5:1.
Verse 41: And now, my beloved
brother, Moroni, may the Lord our God, who has redeemed us and made us
free, keep you continually in his presence; yea, and may he favor this
people, even that ye may have success in obtaining the possession of
all that which the Lamanites have taken from us, which was for our
support. And now, behold, I close mine epistle. I am Helaman, the son
of Alma.
Note: Sidney Rigdon did not understand spiritual freedom.
For you, brethren, have been called to liberty; only do not use liberty
as an opportunity for the flesh, but through love serve one another.
Galatians 5:13.
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