Helaman Chapter 5 Critique
Setting: Nephi and Lehi devote
themselves to preaching—Their names invite them to pattern their lives
after their forebears—Christ redeems those who repent—Nephi and Lehi
make many converts and are imprisoned, and fire encircles them—A cloud
of darkness overshadows three hundred people—The earth shakes, and a
voice commands men to repent—Nephi and Lehi converse with angels, and
the multitude is encircled by fire. About 30 B.C.
Verses 1-7: And it came to pass
that in this same year, behold, Nephi delivered up the judgment-seat to
a man whose name was Cezoram. For as their laws and their governments
were established by the voice of the people, and they who chose evil
were more numerous than they who chose good, therefore they were
ripening for destruction, for the laws had become corrupted. Yea, and
this was not all; they were a stiffnecked people, insomuch that they
could not be governed by the law nor justice, save it were to their
destruction. And it came to pass that Nephi had become weary because of
their iniquity; and he yielded up the judgment-seat, and took it upon
him to preach the word of God all the remainder of his days, and his
brother Lehi also, all the remainder of his days; For they remembered
the words which their father Helaman spake unto them. And these are the
words which he spake: Behold, my sons, I desire that ye should remember
to keep the commandments of God; and I would that ye should declare
unto the people these words. Behold, I have given unto you the names of
our first parents who came out of the land of Jerusalem; and this I
have done that when you remember your names ye may remember them; and
when ye remember them ye may remember their works; and when ye remember
their works ye may know how that it is said, and also written, that
they were good. Therefore, my sons, I would that ye should do that
which is good, that it may be said of you, and also written, even as it
has been said and written of them.
Note: The Old Testament demanded offering animal sacrifices.
“If his offering is a burnt sacrifice of the herd, let him offer a male
without blemish; he shall offer it of his own free will at the door of
the tabernacle of meeting before the Lord. Then he shall put his hand
on the head of the burnt offering, and it will be accepted on his
behalf to make atonement for him.” Leviticus 1:3-4.
Verses 8-9: And now my sons,
behold I have somewhat more to desire of you, which desire is, that ye
may not do these things that ye may boast, but that ye may do these
things to lay up for yourselves a treasure in heaven, yea, which is
eternal, and which fadeth not away; yea, that ye may have that precious
gift of eternal life, which we have reason to suppose hath been given
to our fathers. O remember, remember, my sons, the words which king
Benjamin spake unto his people; yea, remember that there is no other
way nor means whereby man can be saved, only through the atoning blood
of Jesus Christ, who shall come; yea, remember that he cometh to redeem
the world.
Note: The name Jesus Christ is strictly from the New Testament era.
The word Jesus is the Latin form of the Greek Iesous, which in turn is
the transliteration of the Hebrew Jeshua, or Joshua, or again Jehoshua,
meaning "Jehovah is salvation." The word Christ, Christos, the Greek
equivalent of the Hebrew Messias, means "anointed." Newadvent.org
Verses 10-12: And remember also
the words which Amulek spake unto Zeezrom, in the city of Ammonihah;
for he said unto him that the Lord surely should come to redeem his
people, but that he should not come to redeem them in their sins, but
to redeem them from their sins. And he hath power given unto him from
the Father to redeem them from their sins because of repentance;
therefore he hath sent his angels to declare the tidings of the
conditions of repentance, which bringeth unto the power of the
Redeemer, unto the salvation of their souls. And now, my sons,
remember, remember that it is upon the rock of our Redeemer, who is
Christ, the Son of God, that ye must build your foundation; that when
the devil shall send forth his mighty winds, yea, his shafts in the
whirlwind, yea, when all his hail and his mighty storm shall beat upon
you, it shall have no power over you to drag you down to the gulf of
misery and endless wo, because of the rock upon which ye are built,
which is a sure foundation, a foundation whereon if men build they
cannot fall.
Note: Pagan rituals were adopted after the Book of Mormon was published.
Temple ordinances lead to the greatest blessings available to Heavenly
Father’s children. These ordinances prepare us to live forever with
Heavenly Father and our families after this life. They bless us with
spiritual power and direction during mortality. In the temple, we can
also receive essential ordinances in behalf of ancestors who died
without having the opportunity to receive these ordinances for
themselves. Lds.org
Verses 13-16: And it came to
pass that these were the words which Helaman taught to his sons; yea,
he did teach them many things which are not written, and also many
things which are written. And they did remember his words; and
therefore they went forth, keeping the commandments of God, to teach
the word of God among all the people of Nephi, beginning at the city
Bountiful; And from thenceforth to the city of Gid; and from the city
of Gid to the city of Mulek; And even from one city to another, until
they had gone forth among all the people of Nephi who were in the land
southward; and from thence into the land of Zarahemla, among the
Lamanites.
Note: The Old Testament demanded offering animal sacrifices.
He shall kill the bull before the Lord; and the priests, Aaron’s sons,
shall bring the blood and sprinkle the blood all around on the altar
that is by the door of the tabernacle of meeting. And he shall skin the
burnt offering and cut it into its pieces. The sons of Aaron the priest
shall put fire on the altar, and lay the wood in order on the fire.
Then the priests, Aaron’s sons, shall lay the parts, the head, and the
fat in order on the wood that is on the fire upon the altar; but he
shall wash its entrails and its legs with water. And the priest shall
burn all on the altar as a burnt sacrifice, an offering made by fire, a
sweet aroma to the Lord. Leviticus 1:5-9.
Verses 17-20: And it came to
pass that they did preach with great power, insomuch that they did
confound many of those dissenters who had gone over from the Nephites,
insomuch that they came forth and did confess their sins and were
baptized unto repentance, and immediately returned to the Nephites to
endeavor to repair unto them the wrongs which they had done. And it
came to pass that Nephi and Lehi did preach unto the Lamanites with
such great power and authority, for they had power and authority given
unto them that they might speak, and they also had what they should
speak given unto them— Therefore they did speak unto the great
astonishment of the Lamanites, to the convincing them, insomuch that
there were eight thousand of the Lamanites who were in the land of
Zarahemla and round about baptized unto repentance, and were convinced
of the wickedness of the traditions of their fathers. And it came to
pass that Nephi and Lehi did proceed from thence to go to the land of
Nephi.
Note: Nephi and Lehi should have been preaching animal sacrifices.
“If his offering is of the flocks—of the sheep or of the goats—as a
burnt sacrifice, he shall bring a male without blemish. He shall kill
it on the north side of the altar before the Lord; and the priests,
Aaron’s sons, shall sprinkle its blood all around on the altar. And he
shall cut it into its pieces, with its head and its fat; and the priest
shall lay them in order on the wood that is on the fire upon the altar;
but he shall wash the entrails and the legs with water. Then the priest
shall bring it all and burn it on the altar; it is a burnt sacrifice,
an offering made by fire, a sweet aroma to the Lord.” Leviticus 1:10-13.
Verses 21-26: And it came to
pass that they were taken by an army of the Lamanites and cast into
prison; yea, even in that same prison in which Ammon and his brethren
were cast by the servants of Limhi. And after they had been cast into
prison many days without food, behold, they went forth into the prison
to take them that they might slay them. And it came to pass that Nephi
and Lehi were encircled about as if by fire, even insomuch that they
durst not lay their hands upon them for fear lest they should be
burned. Nevertheless, Nephi and Lehi were not burned; and they were as
standing in the midst of fire and were not burned. And when they saw
that they were encircled about with a pillar of fire, and that it
burned them not, their hearts did take courage. For they saw that the
Lamanites durst not lay their hands upon them; neither durst they come
near unto them, but stood as if they were struck dumb with amazement.
And it came to pass that Nephi and Lehi did stand forth and began to
speak unto them, saying: Fear not, for behold, it is God that has shown
unto you this marvelous thing, in the which is shown unto you that ye
cannot lay your hands on us to slay us.
Note: Sidney Ridgon paraphrases the Biblical furnace account.
Then Nebuchadnezzar was full of fury, and the expression on his face
changed toward Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-Nego. He spoke and commanded
that they heat the furnace seven times more than it was usually heated.
And he commanded certain mighty men of valor who were in his army to
bind Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-Nego, and cast them into the burning
fiery furnace. Then these men were bound in their coats, their
trousers, their turbans, and their other garments, and were cast into
the midst of the burning fiery furnace. Therefore, because the king’s
command was urgent, and the furnace exceedingly hot, the flame of the
fire killed those men who took up Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-Nego. And
these three men, Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-Nego, fell down bound into
the midst of the burning fiery furnace. Then King Nebuchadnezzar was
astonished; and he rose in haste and spoke, saying to his counselors,
“Did we not cast three men bound into the midst of the fire?” They
answered and said to the king, “True, O king.” “Look!” he answered, “I
see four men loose, walking in the midst of the fire; and they are not
hurt, and the form of the fourth is like the Son of God.” Daniel
3:19-25.
Verses 27-33: And behold, when
they had said these words, the earth shook exceedingly, and the walls
of the prison did shake as if they were about to tumble to the earth;
but behold, they did not fall. And behold, they that were in the prison
were Lamanites and Nephites who were dissenters. And it came to pass
that they were overshadowed with a cloud of darkness, and an awful
solemn fear came upon them. And it came to pass that there came a voice
as if it were above the cloud of darkness, saying: Repent ye, repent
ye, and seek no more to destroy my servants whom I have sent unto you
to declare good tidings. And it came to pass when they heard this
voice, and beheld that it was not a voice of thunder, neither was it a
voice of a great tumultuous noise, but behold, it was a still voice of
perfect mildness, as if it had been a whisper, and it did pierce even
to the very soul— And notwithstanding the mildness of the voice, behold
the earth shook exceedingly, and the walls of the prison trembled
again, as if it were about to tumble to the earth; and behold the cloud
of darkness, which had overshadowed them, did not disperse— And behold
the voice came again, saying: Repent ye, repent ye, for the kingdom of
heaven is at hand; and seek no more to destroy my servants. And it came
to pass that the earth shook again, and the walls trembled. And also
again the third time the voice came, and did speak unto them marvelous
words which cannot be uttered by man; and the walls did tremble again,
and the earth shook as if it were about to divide asunder.
Note: Sidney Rigdon paraphrases the Biblical account of Elijah.
Then He said, “Go out, and stand on the mountain before the Lord.” And
behold, the Lord passed by, and a great and strong wind tore into the
mountains and broke the rocks in pieces before the Lord, but the Lord
was not in the wind; and after the wind an earthquake, but the Lord was
not in the earthquake; and after the earthquake a fire, but the Lord
was not in the fire; and after the fire a still small voice. 1 Kings
19:11-12.
Verses 34-35: And it came to
pass that the Lamanites could not flee because of the cloud of darkness
which did overshadow them; yea, and also they were immovable because of
the fear which did come upon them. Now there was one among them who was
a Nephite by birth, who had once belonged to the church of God but had
dissented from them.
Note: The English word “church” is a modern word.
Old English cir(i)ce, cyr(i)ce, related to Dutch kerk and German
Kirche, based on medieval Greek kurikon, from Greek kuriakon (dōma).
Verses 36-41: And it came to
pass that he turned him about, and behold, he saw through the cloud of
darkness the faces of Nephi and Lehi; and behold, they did shine
exceedingly, even as the faces of angels. And he beheld that they did
lift their eyes to heaven; and they were in the attitude as if talking
or lifting their voices to some being whom they beheld. And it came to
pass that this man did cry unto the multitude, that they might turn and
look. And behold, there was power given unto them that they did turn
and look; and they did behold the faces of Nephi and Lehi. And they
said unto the man: Behold, what do all these things mean, and who is it
with whom these men do converse? Now the man’s name was Aminadab. And
Aminadab said unto them: They do converse with the angels of God. And
it came to pass that the Lamanites said unto him: What shall we do,
that this cloud of darkness may be removed from overshadowing us? And
Aminadab said unto them: You must repent, and cry unto the voice, even
until ye shall have faith in Christ, who was taught unto you by Alma,
and Amulek, and Zeezrom; and when ye shall do this, the cloud of
darkness shall be removed from overshadowing you.
Note: Faith in Christ was not revealed until after His death.
But the Scripture has confined all under sin, that the promise by faith
in Jesus Christ might be given to those who believe. But before faith
came, we were kept under guard by the law, kept for the faith which
would afterward be revealed. Therefore the law was our tutor to bring
us to Christ, that we might be justified by faith. But after faith has
come, we are no longer under a tutor. Galatians 3:22-25.
Verses 42-45: And it came to
pass that they all did begin to cry unto the voice of him who had
shaken the earth; yea, they did cry even until the cloud of darkness
was dispersed. And it came to pass that when they cast their eyes
about, and saw that the cloud of darkness was dispersed from
overshadowing them, behold, they saw that they were encircled about,
yea every soul, by a pillar of fire. And Nephi and Lehi were in the
midst of them; yea, they were encircled about; yea, they were as if in
the midst of a flaming fire, yet it did harm them not, neither did it
take hold upon the walls of the prison; and they were filled with that
joy which is unspeakable and full of glory. And behold, the Holy Spirit
of God did come down from heaven, and did enter into their hearts, and
they were filled as if with fire, and they could speak forth marvelous
words.
Note: Sidney Ridgon paraphrases the Biblical Pentecost account.
When the Day of Pentecost had fully come, they were all with one accord
in one place. And suddenly there came a sound from heaven, as of a
rushing mighty wind, and it filled the whole house where they were
sitting. Then there appeared to them divided tongues, as of fire, and
one sat upon each of them. And they were all filled with the Holy
Spirit and began to speak with other tongues, as the Spirit gave them
utterance. Acts 2:1-4.
Verses 46-47: And it came to
pass that there came a voice unto them, yea, a pleasant voice, as if it
were a whisper, saying: Peace, peace be unto you, because of your faith
in my Well Beloved, who was from the foundation of the world.
Note: Sidney Ridgon paraphrases the baptism of Jesus.
When He had been baptized, Jesus came up immediately from the water;
and behold, the heavens were opened to Him, and He saw the Spirit of
God descending like a dove and alighting upon Him. And suddenly a voice
came from heaven, saying, “This is My beloved Son, in whom I am well
pleased.” Matthew 3:16-17.
Verses 48-49: And now, when
they heard this they cast up their eyes as if to behold from whence the
voice came; and behold, they saw the heavens open; and angels came down
out of heaven and ministered unto them. And there were about three
hundred souls who saw and heard these things; and they were bidden to
go forth and marvel not, neither should they doubt.
Note: Sidney Ridgon paraphrases the temptation of Jesus.
Then the devil left Him, and behold, angels came and ministered to Him. Matthew 3:11.
Verses 50-52: And it came to
pass that they did go forth, and did minister unto the people,
declaring throughout all the regions round about all the things which
they had heard and seen, insomuch that the more part of the Lamanites
were convinced of them, because of the greatness of the evidences which
they had received. And as many as were convinced did lay down their
weapons of war, and also their hatred and the tradition of their
fathers. And it came to pass that they did yield up unto the Nephites
the lands of their possession.
Note: Pre-Columbian natives were pagans who never knew Jesus Christ.
Like most Mesoamerican religious systems, the Zapotec religion was
polytheistic. Two principal deities include Cocijo, the rain god
(similar to the Aztec god Tlaloc), and Coquihani, the god of light. It
is believed that the Zapotec sometimes used human sacrifice in their
rituals. The Zapotecs had a predominance of deities associated with
fertility and agriculture. There are both male and female
representation, told apart from each other by costumes. Males normally
wear breechclouts and sometimes capes, while females are represented by
wearing skirts. Prominent gods are Cocijo – god of lightning and rain,
he is represented from Monte Alban 1-4. Another one is the god of maize
Pitao Cozobi. There is some evidence of deities not directly associated
with Zapotecs culture, such as the feathered serpent and the butterfly
god, they are characteristic for Teotihuacán. And also the Teotihuacán
rain god, and Xipe totec a deity associated with spring in nahuatl
culture. Wikipedia Encyclopedia.
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