Helaman Chapter 8 Critique
Setting: Corrupt judges seek to
incite the people against Nephi—Abraham, Moses, Zenos, Zenock, Ezias,
Isaiah, Jeremiah, Lehi, and Nephi all testified of Christ—By
inspiration Nephi announces the murder of the chief judge. About 23–21
B.C.
Verses 1-3: And now it came to
pass that when Nephi had said these words, behold, there were men who
were judges, who also belonged to the secret band of Gadianton, and
they were angry, and they cried out against him, saying unto the
people: Why do ye not seize upon this man and bring him forth, that he
may be condemned according to the crime which he has done? Why seest
thou this man, and hearest him revile against this people and against
our law? For behold, Nephi had spoken unto them concerning the
corruptness of their law; yea, many things did Nephi speak which cannot
be written; and nothing did he speak which was contrary to the
commandments of God.
Note: Animal sacrifices were commanded before the sacrifice of the Lamb of God.
Then he washed the entrails and the legs in water. And Moses burned the
whole ram on the altar. It was a burnt sacrifice for a sweet aroma, an
offering made by fire to the Lord, as the Lord had commanded Moses.
Leviticus 8:21.
Verse 4: And those judges were
angry with him because he spake plainly unto them concerning their
secret works of darkness; nevertheless, they durst not lay their own
hands upon him, for they feared the people lest they should cry out
against them.
Note: Sidney Rigdon paraphrased the Holy Bible.
But when they sought to lay hands on Him, they feared the multitudes, because they took Him for a prophet. Matthew 21:46.
Verse 5: Therefore they did cry
unto the people, saying: Why do you suffer this man to revile against
us? For behold he doth condemn all this people, even unto destruction;
yea, and also that these our great cities shall be taken from us, that
we shall have no place in them.
Note: Sidney Rigdon paraphrased the Holy Bible.
And one of them, Caiaphas, being high priest that year, said to them,
“You know nothing at all, nor do you consider that it is expedient for
us that one man should die for the people, and not that the whole
nation should perish.” John 11:49-50.
Verses 6-9: And now we know
that this is impossible, for behold, we are powerful, and our cities
great, therefore our enemies can have no power over us. And it came to
pass that thus they did stir up the people to anger against Nephi, and
raised contentions among them; for there were some who did cry out: Let
this man alone, for he is a good man, and those things which he saith
will surely come to pass except we repent; Yea, behold, all the
judgments will come upon us which he has testified unto us; for we know
that he has testified aright unto us concerning our iniquities. And
behold they are many, and he knoweth as well all things which shall
befall us as he knoweth of our iniquities; Yea, and behold, if he had
not been a prophet he could not have testified concerning those things.
Note: Truly repentant people offered animal sacrifices.
And if you offer a sacrifice of a peace offering to the Lord, you shall
offer it of your own free will. It shall be eaten the same day you
offer it, and on the next day. And if any remains until the third day,
it shall be burned in the fire. Leviticus 19:5-6.
Verses 10-11: And it came to
pass that those people who sought to destroy Nephi were compelled
because of their fear, that they did not lay their hands on him;
therefore he began again to speak unto them, seeing that he had gained
favor in the eyes of some, insomuch that the remainder of them did
fear. Therefore he was constrained to speak more unto them saying:
Behold, my brethren, have ye not read that God gave power unto one man,
even Moses, to smite upon the waters of the Red Sea, and they parted
hither and thither, insomuch that the Israelites, who were our fathers,
came through upon dry ground, and the waters closed upon the armies of
the Egyptians and swallowed them up?
Note: Pre-Columbian writing systems had nothing to do with Moses.
Maya codices (singular codex) are folding books stemming from the
pre-Columbian Maya civilization, written in Maya hieroglyphic script on
Mesoamerican bark cloth, made from the inner bark of certain trees, the
main being the wild fig tree or amate (Ficus glabrata). Paper of this
sort, generally known by the Nahuatl word āmatl, was named by the Mayas
huun. The folding books are the products of professional scribes
working under the patronage of deities such as the Tonsured Maize God
and the Howler Monkey Gods. Wikipedia Encyclopedia.
Verses 12-13: And now behold,
if God gave unto this man such power, then why should ye dispute among
yourselves, and say that he hath given unto me no power whereby I may
know concerning the judgments that shall come upon you except ye
repent? But, behold, ye not only deny my words, but ye also deny all
the words which have been spoken by our fathers, and also the words
which were spoken by this man, Moses, who had such great power given
unto him, yea, the words which he hath spoken concerning the coming of
the Messiah.
Note: Knowledge of the Messiah was unknown in Pre-Columbian America.
Some of the most famous forms of ancient human sacrifice were performed
by various Pre-Columbian civilizations in the Americas that included
the sacrifice of prisoners as well as voluntary sacrifice. Wikipedia
Encyclopedia.
Verse 14: Yea, did he not bear
record that the Son of God should come? And as he lifted up the brazen
serpent in the wilderness, even so shall he be lifted up who should
come.
Note: Sidney Rigdon paraphrased the Holy Bible.
And as Moses lifted up the serpent in the wilderness, even so must the
Son of Man be lifted up, that whoever believes in Him should not perish
but have eternal life. John 3:14-15.
Verses 15-16: And as many as
should look upon that serpent should live, even so as many as should
look upon the Son of God with faith, having a contrite spirit, might
live, even unto that life which is eternal. And now behold, Moses did
not only testify of these things, but also all the holy prophets, from
his days even to the days of Abraham.
Note: Knowledge of Jesus Christ was unknown in Pre-Columbian America.
The handsomest and strongest of the gods, Tecuciztecatl, was supposed
to sacrifice himself but when it came time to self-immolate, he could
not jump into the fire. Instead, Nanahuatl the smallest and humblest of
the gods, who was also covered in boils, sacrificed himself first and
jumped into the flames. The sun was set into motion with his sacrifice
and time began. Humiliated by Nanahuatl's sacrifice, Tecuciztecatl too
leaped into the fire and became the moon. Wikipedia Encyclopedia.
Verse 17: Yea, and behold, Abraham saw of his coming, and was filled with gladness and did rejoice.
Note: Sidney Rigdon paraphrased the Holy Bible.
“Your father Abraham rejoiced to see My day, and he saw it and was glad.” John 8:56.
Verses 18-20: Yea, and behold I
say unto you, that Abraham not only knew of these things, but there
were many before the days of Abraham who were called by the order of
God; yea, even after the order of his Son; and this that it should be
shown unto the people, a great many thousand years before his coming,
that even redemption should come unto them. And now I would that ye
should know, that even since the days of Abraham there have been many
prophets that have testified these things; yea, behold, the prophet
Zenos did testify boldly; for the which he was slain. And behold, also
Zenock, and also Ezias, and also Isaiah, and Jeremiah, (Jeremiah being
that same prophet who testified of the destruction of Jerusalem) and
now we know that Jerusalem was destroyed according to the words of
Jeremiah. O then why not the Son of God come, according to his prophecy?
Note: Pre-Columbian prophecies were not about Jesus Christ.
In the migration myth of the Mexitin, i.e., the early Aztecs, a
mummy-bundle (perhaps an effigy) carried by four priests directed the
trek away from the cave of origins by giving oracles. An oracle led to
the foundation of Mexico-Tenochtitlan. The Yucatec Mayas knew oracle
priests or chilanes, literally 'mouthpieces' of the deity. Their
written repositories of traditional knowledge, the Books of Chilam
Balam, were all ascribed to one famous oracle priest who correctly had
predicted the coming of the Spaniards and its associated disasters.
Wikipedia Encyclopedia.
Verse 21: And now will you
dispute that Jerusalem was destroyed? Will ye say that the sons of
Zedekiah were not slain, all except it were Mulek? Yea, and do ye not
behold that the seed of Zedekiah are with us, and they were driven out
of the land of Jerusalem? But behold, this is not all—
Note: All of Zedekiah’s sons were slain.
Then the city wall was broken through, and all the men of war fled at
night by way of the gate between two walls, which was by the king’s
garden, even though the Chaldeans were still encamped all around
against the city. And the king went by way of the plain. But the army
of the Chaldeans pursued the king, and they overtook him in the plains
of Jericho. All his army was scattered from him. So they took the king
and brought him up to the king of Babylon at Riblah, and they
pronounced judgment on him. Then they killed the sons of Zedekiah
before his eyes, put out the eyes of Zedekiah, bound him with bronze
fetters, and took him to Babylon. 2 Kings 25:4-7.
Verses 22-23: Our father Lehi
was driven out of Jerusalem because he testified of these things. Nephi
also testified of these things, and also almost all of our fathers,
even down to this time; yea, they have testified of the coming of
Christ, and have looked forward, and have rejoiced in his day which is
to come. And behold, he is God, and he is with them, and he did
manifest himself unto them, that they were redeemed by him; and they
gave unto him glory, because of that which is to come.
Note: Knowledge of Jesus Christ was unknown in Pre-Columbian America.
In Maya narrative, the origin of many natural and cultural phenomena is
set out, often with the moral aim of defining the ritual relationship
between mankind and its environment. In such a way, one finds
explanations about the origin of the heavenly bodies (Sun and Moon, but
also Venus, the Pleiades, the Milky Way); the mountain landscape;
clouds, rain, thunder and lightning; wild and tame animals; the colours
of the maize; diseases and their curative herbs; agricultural
instruments; the steam bath, etc. Wikipedia Encyclopedia.
Verse 24: And now, seeing ye
know these things and cannot deny them except ye shall lie, therefore
in this ye have sinned, for ye have rejected all these things,
notwithstanding so many evidences which ye have received; yea, even ye
have received all things, both things in heaven, and all things which
are in the earth, as a witness that they are true.
Note: Ye is an archaic word from the King James Bible era.
Ye is a second-person, plural, personal pronoun (nominative), spelled
in Old English as "ge". In Middle English and Early Modern English, it
was used to address an equal or superior person. Wikipedia Encyclopedia.
Verse 25: But behold, ye have
rejected the truth, and rebelled against your holy God; and even at
this time, instead of laying up for yourselves treasures in heaven,
where nothing doth corrupt, and where nothing can come which is
unclean, ye are heaping up for yourselves wrath against the day of
judgment.
Note: Sidney Rigdon paraphrased the Holy Bible.
“Do not lay up for yourselves treasures on earth, where moth and rust
destroy and where thieves break in and steal; but lay up for yourselves
treasures in heaven, where neither moth nor rust destroys and where
thieves do not break in and steal.” Matthew 6:19-20.
Verses 26-28: Yea, even at this
time ye are ripening, because of your murders and your fornication and
wickedness, for everlasting destruction; yea, and except ye repent it
will come unto you soon. Yea, behold it is now even at your doors; yea,
go ye in unto the judgment-seat, and search; and behold, your judge is
murdered, and he lieth in his blood; and he hath been murdered by his
brother, who seeketh to sit in the judgment-seat. And behold, they both
belong to your secret band, whose author is Gadianton and the evil one
who seeketh to destroy the souls of men.
Note: Pre-Columbian order was maintained through bloodletting.
Bloodletting was the ritualized self-cutting or piercing of an
individual's body that served a number of ideological and cultural
functions within ancient Mesoamerican societies, in particular the
Maya. When performed by ruling elites, the act of bloodletting was
crucial to the maintenance of sociocultural and political structure.
Bound within the Mesoamerican belief systems, bloodletting was used as
a tool to legitimize the ruling lineage's socio-political position and,
when enacted, was important to the perceived well-being of a given
society or settlement. Wikipedia Encyclopedia.
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