Helaman Chapter 9 Critique
Setting: Messengers find the
chief judge dead at the judgment seat—They are imprisoned and later
released—By inspiration Nephi identifies Seantum as the murderer—Nephi
is accepted by some as a prophet. About 23–21 B.C.
Verses 1-5: Behold, now it came
to pass that when Nephi had spoken these words, certain men who were
among them ran to the judgment-seat; yea, even there were five who
went, and they said among themselves, as they went: Behold, now we will
know of a surety whether this man be a prophet and God hath commanded
him to prophesy such marvelous things unto us. Behold, we do not
believe that he hath; yea, we do not believe that he is a prophet;
nevertheless, if this thing which he has said concerning the chief
judge be true, that he be dead, then will we believe that the other
words which he has spoken are true. And it came to pass that they ran
in their might, and came in unto the judgment-seat; and behold, the
chief judge had fallen to the earth, and did lie in his blood. And now
behold, when they saw this they were astonished exceedingly, insomuch
that they fell to the earth; for they had not believed the words which
Nephi had spoken concerning the chief judge. But now, when they saw
they believed, and fear came upon them lest all the judgments which
Nephi had spoken should come upon the people; therefore they did quake,
and had fallen to the earth.
Note: Pre-Columbian prophecies were centered on calendars.
The 2012 phenomenon was a range of eschatological beliefs that
cataclysmic or otherwise transformative events would occur on or around
21 December 2012. This date was regarded as the end-date of a
5,126-year-long cycle in the Mesoamerican Long Count calendar, and as
such, festivities to commemorate the date took place on 21 December
2012 in the countries that were part of the Mayan civilization (Mexico,
Guatemala, Honduras, and El Salvador), with main events at Chichén Itzá
in Mexico, and Tikal in Guatemala. Wikipedia Encyclopedia.
Verse 6: Now, immediately when
the judge had been murdered—he being stabbed by his brother by a garb
of secrecy, and he fled, and the servants ran and told the people,
raising the cry of murder among them;
Note: Garb or “cloak of secrecy” is an English idiom unknown in Pre-Columbian America.
Dictionary: Fig. to hide or conceal someone or something in secrecy.
Patrick cloaked his activities in secrecy. The agents cloaked the spy
in secrecy, making her identity a mystery.
Verses 7-9: And behold the
people did gather themselves together unto the place of the
judgment-seat —and behold, to their astonishment they saw those five
men who had fallen to the earth. And now behold, the people knew
nothing concerning the multitude who had gathered together at the
garden of Nephi; therefore they said among themselves: These men are
they who have murdered the judge, and God has smitten them that they
could not flee from us. And it came to pass that they laid hold on
them, and bound them and cast them into prison. And there was a
proclamation sent abroad that the judge was slain, and that the
murderers had been taken and were cast into prison.
Note: Pre-Columbian prisons were used to aid in cannibalism.
Bernal Díaz’s The Conquest of New Spain (written by 1568, published
1632) contains several accounts of cannibalism among the people the
conquistadors encountered during their warring expedition to
Tenochtitlan. About the city of Cholula, Díaz wrote of his shock at
seeing young men in cages ready to be sacrificed and eaten. Wikipedia
Encyclopedia.
Verses 10-14: And it came to
pass that on the morrow the people did assemble themselves together to
mourn and to fast, at the burial of the great chief judge who had been
slain. And thus also those judges who were at the garden of Nephi, and
heard his words, were also gathered together at the burial. And it came
to pass that they inquired among the people, saying: Where are the five
who were sent to inquire concerning the chief judge whether he was
dead? And they answered and said: Concerning this five whom ye say ye
have sent, we know not; but there are five who are the murderers, whom
we have cast into prison. And it came to pass that the judges desired
that they should be brought; and they were brought, and behold they
were the five who were sent; and behold the judges inquired of them to
know concerning the matter, and they told them all that they had done,
saying: We ran and came to the place of the judgment-seat, and when we
saw all things even as Nephi had testified, we were astonished insomuch
that we fell to the earth; and when we were recovered from our
astonishment, behold they cast us into prison.
Note: Pre-Columbian prisons were used to aid in cannibalism.
Bernal Díaz’s The Conquest of New Spain (written by 1568, published
1632) contains several accounts of cannibalism among the people the
conquistadors encountered during their warring expedition to
Tenochtitlan. About the Quetzalcoatl temple of Tenochtitlan Díaz wrote
that inside there were large pots, where human flesh of sacrificed
Natives was boiled and cooked to feed the priests. Wikipedia
Encyclopedia.
Verses 15-16: Now, as for the
murder of this man, we know not who has done it; and only this much we
know, we ran and came according as ye desired, and behold he was dead,
according to the words of Nephi. And now it came to pass that the
judges did expound the matter unto the people, and did cry out against
Nephi, saying: Behold, we know that this Nephi must have agreed with
some one to slay the judge, and then he might declare it unto us, that
he might convert us unto his faith, that he might raise himself to be a
great man, chosen of God, and a prophet.
Note: Pre-Columbian natives were polytheistic pagans.
Quetzalcoatl is a Mesoamerican deity whose name comes from the Nahuatl
language and means "feathered serpent". The worship of a feathered
serpent is first known documented in Teotihuacan in the first century
BC or first century AD.
Verses 17-20: And now behold,
we will detect this man, and he shall confess his fault and make known
unto us the true murderer of this judge. And it came to pass that the
five were liberated on the day of the burial. Nevertheless, they did
rebuke the judges in the words which they had spoken against Nephi, and
did contend with them one by one, insomuch that they did confound them.
Nevertheless, they caused that Nephi should be taken and bound and
brought before the multitude, and they began to question him in divers
ways that they might cross him, that they might accuse him to death—
Saying unto him: Thou art confederate; who is this man that hath done
this murder? Now tell us, and acknowledge thy fault; saying, Behold
here is money; and also we will grant unto thee thy life if thou wilt
tell us, and acknowledge the agreement which thou hast made with him.
Note: Pre-Columbian natives did not have money.
Berdan and Anawalt's Essential Codex Mendoza summarizes some of the
exchanges rates (e.g. 3 beans for a turkey egg, 300 for a turkey cock),
but the important one here is using cacao to buy the other major medium
of exchange, mantas/quachtli. These were the ubiquitous cotton capes
and one could be bought with anywhere from 65-100 cacao beans,
depending on the quality (there are higher prices mentioned as well).
These could then used for larger purchases such as for a dugout canoe
(one manta) or an unskilled slave (20-30 mantas). Reddit.com
Verse 21: But Nephi said unto
them: O ye fools, ye uncircumcised of heart, ye blind, and ye
stiffnecked people, do ye know how long the Lord your God will suffer
you that ye shall go on in this your way of sin?
Note: Sidney Rigdon paraphrased the Holy Bible.
Ye stiffnecked and uncircumcised in heart and ears, ye do always resist
the Holy Ghost: as your fathers did, so do ye. Acts 7:51.
Verses 22-25: O ye ought to
begin to howl and mourn, because of the great destruction which at this
time doth await you, except ye shall repent. Behold ye say that I have
agreed with a man that he should murder Seezoram, our chief judge. But
behold, I say unto you, that this is because I have testified unto you
that ye might know concerning this thing; yea, even for a witness unto
you, that I did know of the wickedness and abominations which are among
you. And because I have done this, ye say that I have agreed with a man
that he should do this thing; yea, because I showed unto you this sign
ye are angry with me, and seek to destroy my life. And now behold, I
will show unto you another sign, and see if ye will in this thing seek
to destroy me.
Note: Pre-Columbian prophecies were centered on calendars.
Maya inscriptions occasionally reference future predicted events or
commemorations that would occur on dates that lie beyond 2012 (that is,
beyond the completion of the 13th b'ak'tun of the current era). Most of
these are in the form of "distance dates" where some Long Count date is
given, together with a Distance Number that is to be added to the Long
Count date to arrive at this future date. Wikipedia Encyclopedia.
Verses 26-36: Behold I say unto
you: Go to the house of Seantum, who is the brother of Seezoram, and
say unto him— Has Nephi, the pretended prophet, who doth prophesy so
much evil concerning this people, agreed with thee, in the which ye
have murdered Seezoram, who is your brother? And behold, he shall say
unto you, Nay. And ye shall say unto him: Have ye murdered your
brother? And he shall stand with fear, and wist not what to say. And
behold, he shall deny unto you; and he shall make as if he were
astonished; nevertheless, he shall declare unto you that he is
innocent. But behold, ye shall examine him, and ye shall find blood
upon the skirts of his cloak. And when ye have seen this, ye shall say:
From whence cometh this blood? Do we not know that it is the blood of
your brother? And then shall he tremble, and shall look pale, even as
if death had come upon him. And then shall ye say: Because of this fear
and this paleness which has come upon your face, behold, we know that
thou art guilty. And then shall greater fear come upon him; and then
shall he confess unto you, and deny no more that he has done this
murder. And then shall he say unto you, that I, Nephi, know nothing
concerning the matter save it were given unto me by the power of God.
And then shall ye know that I am an honest man, and that I am sent unto
you from God.
Note: Pre-Columbian prophecies were centered on calendars.
For example, on the west panel at the Temple of Inscriptions in
Palenque, a section of the text projects into the future to the 80th
Calendar Round (CR) 'anniversary' of the famous Palenque ruler K'inich
Janaab' Pakal's accession to the throne (Pakal's accession occurred on
a Calendar Round date 5 Lamat 1 Mol, at Long Count 9.9.2.4.8 equivalent
to 27 July 615 CE in the proleptic Gregorian calendar).[n 7] It does
this by commencing with Pakal's birthdate 9.8.9.13.0 8 Ajaw 13
Pop (24 March 603 CE Gregorian) and adding to it the Distance Number
10.11.10.5.8.[46] This calculation arrives at the 80th Calendar Round
since his accession, a day that also has a CR date of 5 Lamat 1 Mol,
but which lies over 4,000 years in the future from Pakal's time—the day
21 October in the year 4772. Wikipedia Encyclopedia.
Verses 37-41: And it came to
pass that they went and did, even according as Nephi had said unto
them. And behold, the words which he had said were true; for according
to the words he did deny; and also according to the words he did
confess. And he was brought to prove that he himself was the very
murderer, insomuch that the five were set at liberty, and also was
Nephi. And there were some of the Nephites who believed on the words of
Nephi; and there were some also, who believed because of the testimony
of the five, for they had been converted while they were in prison. And
now there were some among the people, who said that Nephi was a
prophet. And there were others who said: Behold, he is a god, for
except he was a god he could not know of all things. For behold, he has
told us the thoughts of our hearts, and also has told us things; and
even he has brought unto our knowledge the true murderer of our chief
judge.
Note: Solomon Spalding knew nothing about Pre-Columbian calendars.
The inscription notes that this day would fall eight days after the
completion of the 1st piktun [since the creation or zero date of the
Long Count system], where the piktun is the next-highest order above
the b'ak'tun in the Long Count. If the completion date of that
piktun—13 October 4772—were to be written out in Long Count notation,
it could be represented as 1.0.0.0.0.0. The 80th CR anniversary date,
eight days later, would be 1.0.0.0.0.8 5 Lamat 1 Mol. Wikipedia
Encyclopedia.
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