Muslim Hate of Freedom
Dangerous and deepening divide between Islamic world, West
By Peter Apps, Political Risk Correspondent
WASHINGTON | Sun Sep 23, 2012
WASHINGTON (Reuters)- For those who believe in a clash of civilizations
between the Islamic world and Western democracy, the last few weeks
must seem like final confirmation of their theory.
Even those who reject the term as loaded and simplistic speak sadly of
a perhaps catastrophic failure of understanding between Americans in
particular and many Muslims.
The outrage and violence over a crude film ridiculing the Prophet
Mohammad points to a chasm between Western free speech and
individualism and the sensitivities of some Muslims over what they see
as a campaign of humiliation.
There seems no shortage of forces on both sides to fan the flames. The
tumult over the video had not even subsided when a French magazine this
week printed a new cartoon showing the prophet naked.
"It's ridiculous," Zainab Al-Suwaij, executive director of the America
Islamic Congress, said of the violence that on Friday killed 15 in
Pakistan alone as what were supposed to be peaceful protests turned
violent.
"Yes, this video is offensive but it is clearly a grotesque over
reaction that in part is being whipped up by radical Islamists in the
region for their own ends. But it does show you the depth of
misunderstanding between the cultures."
Starting last week with a few relatively small embassy protests and a
militant attack in Libya that killed the U.S. ambassador and three
others, violence has since spread to more than a dozen countries across
the Middle East and Asia.
Despite the focus on religion, few doubt there are other drivers of confrontation.
The war on terrorism, U.S. drone strikes, wars in Iraq and Afghanistan
and the Guantanamo Bay prison simply continue, in many Muslims'
perceptions, centuries of Western meddling, hypocrisy and broken
promises.
Meanwhile, many Americans see those regions as an inexplicable source
of terrorism, hostage-taking, hatred and chaos. In Europe, those same
concerns have become intertwined with other battles over immigration
and multiculturalism.
"It has always been a difficult relationship and in the last decades it
has become even more delicate," said Akbar Ahmed, chair of Islamic
studies at American University in Washington. "Even a seemingly minor
matter can upset the balance. ... What is needed is more sensitivity
and understanding on both sides, but that is difficult to produce."
Not all the news from the region indicates an unbridgeable gap. Many
Libyans, especially young ones, came out to mourn Ambassador Chris
Stevens after his death and make clear that militants who killed him
did not speak for them. Thousands of Libyans marched in Benghazi on
Friday to protest the Islamist militias that Washington blames for the
attack.
SPREADING DEMOCRACY AND MAKING FRIENDS
Still, the "Arab Spring" appears not to have made as many friends for America as Americans might have hoped.
The very countries in which Washington helped facilitate popular-backed
regime change last year - Egypt, Tunisia, Libya and Yemen - are seeing
some of the greatest anti-West backlash.
The young pro-democracy activists who leapt to the fore in 2011,
Washington now believes, have relatively little clout. That leaves U.S.
and European officials having to deal with groups such as the Muslim
Brotherhood.
There is concern that regional governments such as Egypt might now be
playing a "double game", saying one thing to the U.S. while indulging
in more anti-Western rhetoric at home.
It may be something Washington must get used to.
"What you're seeing now is that (regional governments) are much more
worried about their own domestic population - which means being seen as
too close to the U.S. is suddenly ... a liability," says Jon Alterman,
a former State Department official and now Middle East specialist at
the Centre for Strategic and International Studies.
The current U.S. administration is not the first to discover democracy
does not always directly translate into the sort of governments it
would like to see.
In 2006, the election victory of Islamist group Hamas in the Gaza Strip
was seen helping prompt the Bush White House to abandon a post-911 push
towards for democratic change, sending it back towards Mubarak-type
autocrats.
Rachel Kleinfeld, CEO and co-founder of the Truman National Security
Project, a body often cited by the Obama campaign on foreign policy,
said the new political leadership often had less flexibility than the
dictators before them.
"Is that difficult for the U.S.? Yes, of course. But it would be a
mistake to simply look at what is happening and decide we should go
back to supporting autocrats," she said.
The popular image of the United States in the Middle East stands in stark contrast to the way Americans view themselves.
Western talk of democracy and human rights is often seen hollow, with
Washington and Europe only abandoning autocratic leaders when their
fate was already sealed and continuing to back governments such as
Bahrain still accused of repression.
"The simple truth is that the American people are never going to
understand the region because they never ask the right question - which
is what it feels like to be on the receiving end of American power,"
says Rosemary Hollis, a professor of Middle Eastern studies at London's
City University.
MINEFIELD AHEAD
Whoever wins the White House in November will face a string of challenges across the region.
As it faces down Iran over its nuclear program, while backing rebels in
Syria and governments in the Gulf, Washington risks being drawn ever
deeper into the historic Sunni-Shi'ite sectarian divide within Islam.
Already having to face up to its dwindling influence over Iraq, it must
broker its exit from Afghanistan and try to keep nuclear armed Pakistan
from chaos.
Then, there are relations with its two key regional allies, Israel and Saudi Arabia, both troublesome in different ways.
Israel is threatening military action against Iran over its nuclear
program, and U.S. officials fear Americans would feel the consequences
if Israel does attack.
The Israeli-Palestinian conflict remains deadlocked, and Obama's rival
for the presidency, Republican Mitt Romney, indicated in comments
earlier this year and made public this month that he sees little chance
of any change there.
Saudi Arabia might be a key oil producer and occasionally invaluable
ally, but analysts say some rich Saudis, if not the government itself,
have long funded and fueled Islamist and Salifist extremism and perhaps
also Sunni-Shi'ite tension.
Said Sadek, professor of politics at the American University in Cairo,
said people in the Middle East still prefer Obama to the alternative.
"He is seen as the only president to ever really reach out to the
Middle East. But (it) is a difficult place," he said. "The countries
that have gone through revolutions were always going to be unstable.
... You could have perhaps 5 to 15 years of instability."
While many Americans would like nothing more than to turn their backs
on the region, Obama made clear this week he does not see that as an
option: "The one thing we can't do is withdraw from the region," he
said. "The United States continues to be the one indispensable nation."
Muslim Women in U.S. Struggle to Balance Western Freedoms and Islamic Culture
Saturday , March 28, 2009
By Ruth Ravve
Fox News
DEARBORN, Mich. — The "call to prayer" is a sound heard five times a
day in this city, but this is not the Middle East. It’s Dearborn,
Michigan — which has the largest Arab-American population in the U.S.
Like other immigrant groups, many came here years ago in search of a
better life. In the past few decades, the auto industry needed workers,
so Michigan became a top destination.
Over time, thousands of the Muslim faithful from around the world
settled here, opening shops and restaurants and turning Dearborn into a
heavily Muslim-influenced community, replete with mosques in every
section of town and traditional foods from places like Pakistan and
Syria.
But while there are plenty of comforts from their home countries,
Muslim women say they’re constantly caught balancing their lives
between the freedoms they have in Western culture and the restrictions
they face from religious and societal pressure. They worry about
whether they’re following the habits of "a good Muslim woman."
Zeinab Fakhreddine, a Lebanese-American woman raised in Dearborn, walks
down the street wearing a traditional two-piece suit and a Muslim
headscarf, called a hijab. The scarf covers her hair and tightly frames
her face. She says the hijab was designed as a way to honor women in
Islam, by concealing their beauty.
In her community, she says, so many women are dressed this way, nobody
looks twice at her. "It's kind of like a comfort zone in Dearborn, but
when you leave here, it kind of becomes very different."
Outside Dearborn, it's a different story.
Despite the fact that Islamic groups are growing in major cities in the
U.S., many Muslim women living here say assimilating into Western
culture is still very difficult.
Many of the immigrant women come to the United States from Muslim
countries where they have few rights. Women are not allowed to drive
cars or keep their own passports in Saudi Arabia, for example. It is
very difficult for a woman to go to school or even leave her home
without a male relative escorting her in parts of Pakistan and
Afghanistan.
In fact, life for Muslim women in the U.S. is so different that they
say they're not sure whether to accept the sudden opportunities they
have here, or reject them for fear that it doesn't fit within their
religious followings.
"In our religion it's forbidden to listen to music and there’s some
areas that we stay away from ... because we don’t listen to music,"
said Fakhreddine.
Also under Islam, it's acceptable for a man to have up to four wives at
a time. While that's illegal in the United States, Islamic leaders say
the religion designates the man as the head of the household.
"The big decisions are from the husband. Actually, we have to discuss
everything with them," says Umia Mustafa, who moved here from Pakistan
10 years ago, after her parents arranged her marriage to a Pakistani
man already living here.
She says in her religion, no matter where it’s practiced, there's no question who is in charge.
And sometimes clashes of cultures can have deadly consequences.
Last month, Buffalo resident Aasiya Hassan, 37, was found decapitated
after she had been complaining to police about domestic violence. Her
husband, Muzzammil Hassan, was charged with the crime.
While Muslim leaders caution against stereotypes and point out that
domestic violence happens in all cultures, some women's rights leaders
worry that Islam is being used to justify violence against women.
"The typical Muslim man, they always are very overprotective, they're
very controlling over the women. They're not allowed to do this,
they're not allowed to do that," says 23-year-old Fai Oman, who was
born in Yemen.
She says she feels lucky to be living in the West because she has more
freedom and security than she would have in her home country.
Taking on Western viewpoints and a less traditional look makes Oman
stand out in the typical female Muslim community. She dresses in jeans
and a low-cut sweater. Her dark hair is highlighted with blonde
streaks, and her eyes are colored with bright blue shadow.
Some Islamic leaders fear women like Oman will become more common and
that Western culture will have too much influence over generations of
Muslim women who grow up and live in America.
"It does worry me because it's improper behavior [that] does lead to
... harm to the female," said Yemen native Sakainah Faleh, a teacher
who tutors young Muslim girls in the proper ways of Islam.
She's concerned about Muslim women straying too far from the religion, she says.
But Muslim leaders like Amina Aharif, from the Council on American
Islamic relations (CAIR), say that with so many women coming here from
multiple Muslim countries, there are already different viewpoints and
traditions influencing them.
Each comes to the United States with her own versions of cultural and religious practices, she adds.
"Just like America is a melting pot for people from all over the world,
it is a melting pot for Muslims from all over the world," said Aharif.
"It is such a diverse community."